Caregiver stress comes in many forms
In the past, long term caregiving was a relatively rare occurrence. The dramatic increase in life expectancy in the past several decades, however, has produced longevity into the 80’s, 90’s and beyond. The cause of death has dramatically shifted from acute, infectious diseases to chronic, long term illnesses which, because of the slow and progressive nature of many of these diseases, require care for several years or more. Therefore, large numbers of older people need sustained assistance for long periods of time.
In caring for someone with a long term disability, especially difficulties such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, the following stressors have been noted:
• Stress associated with the intensive care, both physical and psychological, of the disabled person. Dressing, feeding, bathing and close supervision of daily activities are a few examples.
• Stress resulting from the feeling of isolation, detachment from previous lifestyle and feelings of entrapment as a result of the intensive demands of caregiving.
• Stress resulting from change, often in the form of loss, in the relationship with the disabled person. This factor is especially significant in progressive disorders such as dementia.
The following is a list of some of the possible symptoms of caregiver stress:
• A detachment and withdrawal from friends and activities that formally provided healthy release.
• Chronic exhaustion, both physical and mental, often even after adequate rest. Persistent feelings of irritability, loss of control, helplessness and hopelessness and despondency.
• A frequent feeling of an inability to deal with small disappointments, everyday imperfection and minor upsets. The misplaced car keys, spilled milk and overdue electric bill may seem like major hurdles.
• Problems falling asleep, waking up in the middle of the night worrying about things over which you have very little or no control, waking up in the wee hours of the morning and not being able to go back to sleep.
• Development of stress related physical problems such as diarrhea, headaches, heart palpitations, back pain, dizziness etc. Also, a higher susceptibility to colds or flu due to a compromised immune system.
• Feelings of cynicism, sarcasm or futility about the present and future.
• Frequent displacement of anger and frustration on to loved ones, friends or the disabled individual themselves.
• Reliance on medication, alcohol or other unhealthy escapes in order to attempt to dilute the pain and stress of caregiving.
Next week I will continue this discussion of caregiver stress.
